Rarraba iska(ASUs) kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci da ake amfani da su a masana'antu daban-daban don raba abubuwan da ke cikin iska, musamman nitrogen da oxygen, da kuma wani lokacin argon da sauran iskar gas da ba kasafai ba. Ka'idar rabuwar iska ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa iska shine cakuda iskar gas, tare da nitrogen da oxygen sune manyan abubuwan biyu. Hanyar da aka fi sani da rabuwar iska ita ce distillation na juzu'i, wanda ke amfani da bambance-bambance a cikin wuraren tafasa na abubuwan da aka gyara don raba su.
Distillation na juzu'i yana aiki akan ka'idar cewa lokacin da aka sanyaya cakuda iskar gas zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki, nau'ikan daban-daban za su taru a yanayin zafi daban-daban, suna ba da izinin rabuwa. A cikin yanayin rabuwar iska, tsarin yana farawa ta hanyar matsawa iska mai shigowa zuwa matsi mai yawa sannan kuma sanyaya shi. Yayin da iska ta yi sanyi, ana wucewa ta cikin jerin ginshiƙai na distillation inda sassa daban-daban suka taru a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Wannan yana ba da damar rabuwa da nitrogen, oxygen, da sauran iskar gas da ke cikin iska.
Tsarin rabuwar iskaya ƙunshi matakai masu mahimmanci da yawa, gami da matsawa, tsarkakewa, sanyaya, da rabuwa. An fara tsarkake iskan da aka danne don cire duk wani datti da danshi kafin a sanyaya shi zuwa ƙananan zafi. Sa'an nan kuma sanyaya iska ta wuce ta cikin ginshiƙan distillation inda rabuwar abubuwan ke faruwa. Ana tattara samfuran da aka samu sannan a adana su don aikace-aikacen masana'antu daban-daban.
Rukunin rabuwar iska suna da mahimmanci a masana'antu kamar masana'antar sinadarai, samar da ƙarfe, kiwon lafiya, da na'urorin lantarki, inda ake amfani da iskar gas ɗin da aka raba don aikace-aikace da yawa. Nitrogen, alal misali, ana amfani da shi a masana'antar abinci don tattarawa da adanawa, a cikin masana'antar lantarki don kera semiconductor, da kuma masana'antar mai da iskar gas don shigar da bargo. A daya bangaren kuma, ana amfani da sinadarin Oxygen wajen aikin likitanci, da yankan karfe da walda, da kuma samar da sinadarai da gilashi.
A ƙarshe, sassan rarraba iska suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antu daban-daban ta hanyar rarraba abubuwan da ke cikin iska ta amfani da ka'idar distillation. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar samar da nitrogen, oxygen, da sauran iskar gas da ba su da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-29-2024
